Particle Swarm Optimization Type 1
Parameters and equations
Here we do not study the influence of the swarm size and we are reffering to the PSO form called Type 1, described for each particle and each dimension by an iterative system like:
with
The initial positions and velocities are usually randomly uniformly chosen (between min and max values), but here, on the contrary, we will try different (
k,j) values for given " regular " initial conditions . We suppose j is the same constant for all particles and all dimensions. The Equation 2 can also be written
|
The explicit representations of v and y are then
with
Equation 5 |
and
Equation 6 |
(Note that c1, c2, e1 and e2 are " true " complex numbers if
j is smaller than 4, as x(t) and y(t) if t is not an integer).
" Regular " initial conditions
The swarm size is N if the dimensionality D, that is to say the search space is . We study first two kinds of initial conditions (called " init_type " in the maps below). In the first one (init_type=1) all the particles are regularly disposed in and have all the same velocity where . In the second one (init_type=2), the particles are regularly disposed in a few points of . At each of these points we have n particles but the n particles have different velocities (same absolute value but different directions).
Figure 1. Initial conditions for 20 particles in dimension 2(init_type=2).
Performances maps
For each (k,j) values we try, the " performance " is here just the convergence time to the solution. It may be infinite. In the maps below, we consider that a convergence time greater than 150 time steps is as bad as an infinite one. We have tried the Rosenbrocks Banana function and our Alpine function. Also the neighbourood of each particle is either just two others, always the same during the process (Neigh=2) or the whole swarm (Neigh=all).